开启远程访问及相关权限控制

一、开启mysql远程访问授予用户user 密码 passwd 所有权限所有主机IP可访问

授权语句：Grant <权限> on 表名[(列名)] to 用户 With grant option或 GRANT <权限> ON <数据对象> FROM <数据库用户>

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd' WITH GRANT OPTION;

ALL PRIVILEGES表示所有权限，*.*表示所有数据库和表，%表示所有IP，WITH GRANT OPTION授予授权权限,如果想让授权的用户，也可以将这些权限 grant 给其他用户，需要选项 “grant option“。只能访问数据库gogs的所有权

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON gogs.* TO 'user2'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd2' WITH GRANT OPTION;

分别授予用户所有主机IP可访问，分别拥有增删改查权限

GRANT select ON *.* TO 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd1' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT insert ON *.* TO 'user2'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd2' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT updata ON *.* TO 'user3'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd3' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT delete ON *.* TO 'user4'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd4' WITH GRANT OPTION;

查询用户具有的权限,因为只给了查询权限，所以只有Select_priv: Y。

mysql> GRANT select ON *.* TO 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='user'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                  Host: %
                  User: user
           Select_priv: Y
           Insert_priv: N
           Update_priv: N
           Delete_priv: N
           Create_priv: N
             Drop_priv: N
       
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

二、撤销已经赋予给 MySQL 用户权限的权限。

revoke 跟 grant 的语法差不多，只需要把关键字 “to” 换成 “from” 即可：

grant all on *.* to dba@localhost;

revoke all on *.* from dba@localhost;

grant, revoke 用户权限后，该用户只有重新连接 MySQL 数据库，权限才能生效。 ###三、对数据库开启只读权限，用于数据库热备份 1、对于MySQL单实例数据库和master库，如果需要设置为只读状态，需要进行如下操作和设置：将MySQL设置为只读状态的命令:

mysql> show global variables like "%read_only%";
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> set global read_only=1;
mysql> show global variables like "%read_only%";

将MySQL从只读状态设置为读写状态的命令:

mysql> unlock tables;
mysql> set global read_only=0;

2)、对于需要保证master-slave主从同步的salve库将slave从库设置为只读状态，需要执行的命令为:

mysql> set global read_only=1;

将salve库从只读状态变为读写状态，需要执行的命令是:

mysql> set global read_only=0;

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GRANT select ON *.* TO 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd1' WITH GRANT OPTION; GRANT insert ON *.* TO 'user2'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd2' WITH GRANT OPTION; GRANT updata ON *.* TO 'user3'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd3' WITH GRANT OPTION; GRANT delete ON *.* TO 'user4'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd4' WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> GRANT select ON *.* TO 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd' WITH GRANT OPTION; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='user'\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: % User: user Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: N Update_priv: N Delete_priv: N Create_priv: N Drop_priv: N 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified